Obesity is defined by body mass index (BMI). It is a medical condition in which the excess body fat accumulates to the extent that it can have negative effect on health, leading to a reduced life expectancy and several health problems. However, weight loss surgery is recommended if you cannot lose weight and are keeping it off by maintaining a healthy diet, and lifestyle. Doctors often use BMI and other health conditions like Type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure to determine who are the patients who are likely to benefit from weight loss surgery. The patients who are the right candidates for surgery are those with a BMI>32.5 kg/m2; those who are suffering from co-morbidities like diabetes; or patients with BMI>37.5kg/m2 (with or without associated co-morbidities).
Those people who are morbidly obese are at a greater risk of illnesses like diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gallstones, osteoarthritis, heart disease, infertility and cancer. Morbid obesity is a state of severe obesity and is defined by the following condition:
If a person has a BMI above 37.5 with or without associated illness or BMI above 32.5 with diseases like diabetes, hypertension are considered to be morbidly obese.
Indians are genetically susceptible to weight accumulation, especially around the waist. An obese individual is much more susceptible to diseases like diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis and obstructive sleep apnoea. Studies have shown that:
The traditional approach to treat TYPE 2 DM (Diabetes Mellitus) has been step wise introduction of lifestyle changes with or without oral medications, saving the insulin therapy for last. Treatment should focus equally on remission of both diabetes and obesity and needs to be widely understood. In the light of escalating global diabetes crisis, the need of the hour is to identify interventions that provide a long term metabolic outcome (obesity and associated diseases remission). There are several methods for treating obesity, such as lifestyle changes encompassing behaviour modification, physical activity, diet modification and medical management. It has been seen that the sustained weight loss is achieved by only 10% of the population.
Bariatric surgery (Obesity surgery) is the most effective long-term treatment for obesity with the greatest chances for amelioration and even resolution of obesity-associated diseases. In the given scenario of increasing morbidity and mortality due to Type II Diabetes Mellitus and obesity, bariatric surgeries emerged as a promising treatment. It provides exceptional sustained weight loss and remission of type II diabetes in addition to improvement in other co-morbidities and quality of life.